Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Articles

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013): Inaugural Issue

Conceptualising Social Media as Complaint Channel

  • Joanna Clark
Submitted
September 30, 2013
Published
2013-09-30

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between UK “Millennials'†consumer goals and their choice of social media as a complaint channel. It also considers the relationship between interactive and remote channels and how power is distributed online between consumers and organisations. From interviews with members of the Millennial generation and a content analysis of complaints voiced through computer manufacturer 'Dell'’s UK Twitter and Facebook sites, the research uncovered three significant themes. Firstly, as a complaint channel, social media is largely used by “Millennials†for venting their anger against organisations. Due to the distant and interactive nature of social media, the research opens up a new classification in consumer complaint literature, categorising social media as a semi-interactive channel of communication. Subsequently, it is the characteristics of the medium which afford this classification, enabling “Millennials†to assert power over organisations by utilising the pressured environment that social media creates and leveraging the influence of mass complaints.

References

  1. Alicke, M. D., Braun, J. C., Glor, J. E., Klotz, M. L., Magee, J., Sederhoim, H., and Siegel, R., 1992. Complaining behavior in social interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18 (3), 286-295.
  2. Alsop, R., 2007. Welcoming the new millennials: M.B.A. Programs adjust to the next generation and their parents. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119672143267712295.html [Accessed 1 February 2013]
  3. Arthur,C., 2012. Twitter now has 10m users in UK. Guardian. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/may/15/twitter-uk-users-10m [Accessed 1 Febrary 2013]
  4. Baggini, J., 2010. Complaint: From Minor Moans to Principled Protests. Profile Books.
  5. Baggio, B., and Beldarrain, Y., 2011. Anonymity and learning in digitally mediated communications: authenticity and trust in cyber education. Information Science Reference.
  6. Beckstrom, M., Manuel, J., and Nightingale, J., 2008. The wired utility meets the wired generation. Electric Light & Power, 86(5). p.18Retrieved from http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/34698294/wired-utility-meets-wired-generation [Accessed 1 February 2013]
  7. Bennett, R., 1997. Anger, catharsis, and purchasing behavior following aggressive customer complaints. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14(2), 156 – 172
  8. Bergman, S. M., Fearrington, M. E., Davenport, S. W., and Bergman, J. Z., 2011. Millennials, narcissism, and social networking: What narcissists do on social networking sites and why. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 706-711.
  9. Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., and Shapiro, D., 2012 Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy. Business Horizons, 55(3), 261-271.
  10. Blodgett, J. G., and Anderson, R. D., 2000, A Bayesian network model of the consumer complaint process. Journal of Services Research, 2, 321-338.
  11. Brown, R., 2009, Public relations and the social web: how to use social media and web 2.0 in communications, London: Kogan Page.
  12. Burton, J. and Khammash, M., 2010, Why do people read reviews posted on consumer-opinion portals? Journal of Marketing Management, 26(3), 230-55.
  13. Cook, S., 2012, Complaint Management Excellence: Creating Customer Loyalty through Service Recovery. London: Kogan Page.
  14. Crié, D., 2003. Consumers' complaint behaviour. Taxonomy, typology and determinants: Towards a unified ontology. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 11(1), 60-79.
  15. Day, R. L., 1984. Modelling Choices Among Alternative Responses To Dissatisfaction. Advances In Consumer Research,11(1), 496-499. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost. [Access 25 March 2013].
  16. Day, R.L., Grabicke, K., Schaetzle, T., Staubach, F., 1981. The Hidden Agenda of Consumer Complaining. Journal of Retailing 57, 86-106.
  17. Deacon, D., 1999. Researching communications: a practical guide to methods in media and cultural analysis. Hodder Arnold.
  18. Denegri-Knott, J. & Molesworth, M., 2002. Cyber-delinquency or electronic opportunism?: exploring young consumers' willingness to lie to and steal from companies online. In, The Marketing Landscape: Signs for the Future: Academy of Marketing Annual Conference, 2-5 July, 2002, Nottingham (Unpublished).
  19. Denscombe, M., 2008. Communities of Practice A Research Paradigm for the Mixed Methods Approach. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2(3), 270-283.
  20. Dollard, J., Doob, L., Miller, N.E., Mowrer, O.H. andSears, R.R., 1939. Frustration and Aggression, New Haven, CT : Yale University Press,.
  21. Ekiz, E., Khoo-Lattimore, C. andMemarzadeh, F., 2012. Air the anger: investigating online complaints on luxury hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 3(2), 96 – 106.
  22. Experian., 2012. The 2012 Digital Marketer: Benchmark and Trend Report. Available from: http://go.experian.com/forms/experian-digital-marketer-2012 [Accessed 1 May 2013].
  23. France, C., 2009. Engaging Millennials. The 2009 Pfeiffer Annual: Leadership Development, 1, 326.
  24. Freestone, O., & Mitchell, V., 2004. Generation Y attitudes towards e-ethics and internet-related misbehaviours. Journal of Business Ethics, 54(2), 121-128.
  25. Goetzinger, L. M., 2007. Consumer complaint behavior: Studies on behavioral dimensions and the impact of the Internet. ProQuest.
  26. Grady, M. P., 1998. Qualitative and Action Research: A Practitioner Handbook, Phi Delta Kappa International Incorporated.
  27. Greenberg, P., 2010..The impact of CRM 2.0 on customer insight. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 25(6), 410 – 419.
  28. Hanna, C. F., 1981. Complaint As a Form of Association. Qualitative Sociology, 4(4), 298.
  29. Harrison-Walker, J., 2001. E-complaining: a content analysis of an Internet complaint forum. Journal of Services Marketing, 15(5),397 – 412.
  30. Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G. & Gremler, D. D., 2004. Electronic Word-of-Mouth via Consumer-Opinion Platforms: What Motivates Consumers to Articulate Themselves on the Internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38-52.
  31. Heung, V.C.S. andLam, T., 2003, Customer complaint behaviour towards hotel restaurant services. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(5), 283-9.
  32. Hershatter, A., andEpstein, M., 2010 Millennials and the world of work: An organization and management perspective. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 211-223.
  33. Hirschman, A., 1980. Exit voice and loyalty: further reflections and a survey of recent contributions. Social Science Information, 13(1), 7-26.
  34. Hoffman, D. L., Novak, T. P., and Venkatesh, A., 2004, Has the internet become indispensable? Communications of the ACM, 47(7), 37-42.
  35. Jansen, B. J., Zhang, M., Sobel, K., and Chowdury, A., 2009. Twitter power: Tweets as electronic word of mouth. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(11), 2169-2188.
  36. Joinson, A. N., 2007. Disinhibition and the Internet. Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Transpersonal Implications, 76-92.
  37. Kamerer,D. and Morris, P., 2011. Public relations at the micro level: Connecting with customers on Twitter. Public Relations Society of America Educators Academy Research Session 2011 Proceedings, Orlando, Florida, October 15,14-30, Available from: http://www.prsa.org/Network/Communities/EducatorsAcademy/Learning/ConferenceProceedings/2011EAProceedings.pdf [Accessed 1 February 2013]
  38. Kanter, B., and Fine, A., 2010. The Networked Nonprofit: Connecting with social media to drive change. Jossey-Bass.
  39. Kaplan, A. M., 2011. If you love something, let it go mobile: Mobile marketing and mobile social media 4x4. Business Horizons, 55(2), 129-139.
  40. Kaplan, A., and Haenlein, M., 2011. The early bird catches the news: Nine things you should know about micro-blogging. Business Horizons 54(2), 105-113.
  41. Kaplan, A., and Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
  42. Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., and Silvestre, B. S., 2011. Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241-251.
  43. Kim, C., Kim, S., Im, S., and Shin, C., 2003. The effect of attitude and perception on consumer complaint intentions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20, 352-371.
  44. Kiss, J., 2013. Facebook UK loses 600,000 users in December. Guardian. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/jan/14/facebook-loses-uk-users-december [Accessed 1 February 2013]
  45. Klandermans, B., 2002. Methods of Social Movement (Vol. 16). University of Minnesota Press.
  46. Kowalski, R., 1996.. Complaints and complaining: Functions, antecedents, and consequences, Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 179-196.
  47. Lala, V., and Priluck, R., 2011. When Students Complain An Antecedent Model of Students’ Intention to Complain. Journal of Marketing Education, 33(3), 236-252.
  48. Mangold, W. G., and Faulds, D. J,.2009, Social Media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Horizons, 52(4), 357-365.
  49. Lee, C. C. andHu, C., 2004. Analyzing Hotel Customers' E-Complaints from an Internet Complaint Forum. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 17(2/3), 167-181.
  50. Macnamara, J. R., 2003. Media content analysis: Its uses, benefits and best practice methodology. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 6(1), 1–34.
  51. Mattila, A.S. & Mount, D.J., 2003. The impact of selected customer characteristics and response time on e-complaint satisfaction and return intent. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 22(2), 135-45.
  52. Mattila, A., and Wirtz, J., 2004. Consumer complaining to firms: the determinants of channel choice. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(2), 147 – 155.
  53. Mangold, W. G., and Faulds, D. J., 2009. Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Horizons, 52(4), 357-365.
  54. McKenna, A., and Bargh, A., 2000. Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(1), 57-75.
  55. Merriam, S. B., 2009. Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
  56. Mitchell, M. L., and Jolley, J. M., 2012. Research design explained, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  57. Nyer, P. U., 1999. Cathartic Complaining as a Means of Reducing Consumer Dissatisfaction. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 12, 15-25.
  58. Nyer, P.U., 2000. An investigation into whether complaining can cause increased customer dissatisfaction. Journal of Marketing, 17(1), 9-19.
  59. Ouden, E., Yuan, L., Sonnemans, P. J., and Brombacher, A. C.,2006. Quality and reliability problems from a consumer's perspective: an increasing problem overlooked by businesses? Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 22(7), 821-838.
  60. Pinto, M., and Mansfield, P., 2011. Facebook as a complaint mechanism: An investigation of millennial. Journal off Behavioral Studies in Business, 41-12.
  61. Qualman, E., 2012 Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do business. Wiley.
  62. Ryan, J., 1995. A uses and gratification study of the internet social interaction site LambdaMOO: Talking with “Dinosâ€, Ball State University, Muncie, IN.
  63. Schau, H. J., and Gilly, M. C., 2003. We are what we post? Selfâ€presentation in personal web space. Journal of Consumer research, 30(3), 385-404.
  64. Schensul, S. L., Schensul, J. J., and LeCompte, M. D., 1999. Essential ethnographic methods: Observations, interviews, and questionnaires (Vol. 2). Altamira Press.
  65. Schreier, M., 2012 Qualitative content analysis in practice. Sage Publications Limited.
  66. Shea, L., Enghagen, L., and Kholler, A., 2004. Internet diffusion of an e-complaint: A content analysis of unsolicited responses. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 17(2/3), 145–165.
  67. Shuptrine, F. K., and Wenglorz, G., 1981. Comprehensive Identification of Consumer's Marketplace Problems and What they do About Them. Advances in Consumer Research, 8(1), 687-692.
  68. Singh, J., 1988, Consumer complaint intentions and behavior: definitional and taxonomical issues. Journal of Marketing, 52, pp. 93-107.
  69. Singh, J., 1990, Identifying Consumer Dissatisfaction Response Styles: An Agenda for Future Research. European Journal of Marketing 24(6), 55-72.
  70. Singh, J., & Wilkes, R. E., 1996. When consumers complain: A path analysis of the key antecedents of consumer complaint response estimates. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24, 350-365.
  71. Slama, M., & Celuch, K., 1994. Assertion and attention to social comparison information as influences on consumer complaint intentions. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behaviour, 7, 246-51.
  72. Sproull, L. & Kiesler, S., 1986. Reducing social context cues: electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 32(11, 1492-1512.
  73. Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J., 2000. Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 224-237.
  74. Suler, J., 2004. The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior,7(3), 321-326.
  75. Sweeney, R., 2006. Millennial behaviors and demographics, Retrieved 24 March, 2013 from: http://library2.njit.edu/staff-folders/sweeney/Millennials/Article-MillennialBehaviors.doc
  76. Tripp, T. M., and Grégoire, Y., 2011,. CUSTOMER SERVICE-When Unhappy Customers Strike Back on the Internet. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(3), 37.
  77. Tronvoll, B., 2012. A dynamic model of customer complaining behaviour from the perspective of service-dominant logic. European Journal of Marketing, 46( ½), 284 – 305.
  78. Velázquez, B. M., Blasco, M. F., Saura, I. G., and Contrí, G. B., 2010. Causes for complaining behaviour intentions: the moderator effect of previous customer experience of the restaurant. Journal of Services Marketing, 24(7), 532-545.
  79. Verhagen, T., Naura, A., and Feldberg, J. F. M., 2012. Negative online word-of-mouth: Behavioral indicator or emotional release? Computer in Human Behaviour, (29)4, 1430-1440.
  80. Ward, J. C., and Ostrom, A. L., 2006. Complaining to the masses: The role of protest framing in customerâ€created complaint web sites. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(2), 220-230.
  81. Warland, R. H., Herrmann, R. O., and Willits, J. (1975) Dissatisfied consumers: Who gets upset and who takes action. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 9(2), 148-163.
  82. Warland, R, Herrmann, R, and Moore, D., 1984, Consumer Complaining and Community Involvement: An Exploration of Their Theoretical and Empirical Linkages. Journal Of Consumer Affairs, 18(1), 64.
  83. Waters, R. D., Tindall, N. T., and Morton, T. S.,2010. Media catching and the journalist–public relations practitioner relationship: How social media are changing the practice of media relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 22(3), 241-264.
  84. Woodruff, R, Cadotte, E, and Jenkins, R., 1983. Modeling Consumer Satisfaction Processes Using Experience-Based Norms. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 20(3), 296-304.
  85. Zaugg, A. D., and Jäggi, N., 2006. The Influence of Customer Loyalty on Channel Specific Consumer Information Search and Consumer Complaining Behaviour, Available at: SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1123931 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1123931